Indonesia and the European Union have concluded negotiations on a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), nearly a decade after talks began in 2016.

Indonesia and the European Union have concluded negotiations on a long-awaited trade agreement on Tuesday, marking the end of nearly ten years of discussions, according to a senior Indonesian minister.

CBI News reports that the Indonesia-EU Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) is the third trade deal the EU has signed with Southeast Asian nations, following similar pacts with Singapore and Vietnam.

Signed in Bali by EU Trade Commissioner Maroš Šefčovič and Indonesian Minister of Economic Affairs Airlangga Hartarto, the agreement will boost investment in key sectors such as electric vehicles, electronics, and pharmaceuticals.

Talks began in 2016 but initially made slow progress, hampered by disagreements over palm oil and deforestation.

According to Deni Friawan from the Centre for Strategic and International Studies, former U.S. President Donald Trump’s aggressive trade policies created new urgency for both sides to reach a deal.

The agreement includes a protocol on palm oil, the EU said, though details have not yet been disclosed.

The breakthrough follows Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto’s visit to Brussels in July, where he and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen announced a “political agreement” after 19 rounds of negotiations.